Queen Liliuokalani had sworn to uphold the Constitution during her 
inauguration, now she wanted to change it. Elections would be out, 
the cabinet and the legislature would be appointed by her. Everybody 
was up in revolt, even her cabinet turned against her. The Committee
of Safety was formed, the queen was declared "in breach of the
Constitution", therefore "the throne vacant". The committee named a 
Provisional Government, who in turn took over the functions of the 
government. The queen declared: "I yielded to the superior forces
of the United States of America, to avoid loss of life, under protest."

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